3/6/2023 0 Comments Ball lightning![]() ![]() ![]() Robert Cameron (University of Strathclyde) theorizes that ball lightning may actually be electromagnetic knots, something that has never been created before but does have some theoretical potential. Shakespeare Sonnet 85: "My tongue-tied Muse in manners holds her still" But most reported ball lightning events last for a few seconds, leading Kapitas to theorize something is feeding it energy, perhaps from the host thunderstorm (Ibid). Using proportions, we can take the energy dissipation from before to find that a ball lighting even should only last about 0.000005 seconds. Now, ball lightning is much smaller, usually 1 meter in diameter. With an initial diameter of 150 meters, that gives an energy dissipation of 4*pi*(75 meters) ^2 / 10 seconds or about 71,000 m^2/s. But nuclear explosions are huge and give off all the energy contained in the initial blast within 10 seconds, contributing to their destructive power (Meessen 163-4). Not that he was implying a similar origin or anything like that they may be similar in that ionized air is a major component of the blast. One of the first major studies into ball lightning was conducted in 1955 by Kapitas, who noted how reports of ball lightning seemed similar to the initial blast of a nuclear explosion. OF those, the average (63% of all ball lighting cases) size of ball lighting varies from 0.1 meters to 0.5 meters, with less than 2% being smaller than 0.2 meters and less than 2% being greater than a mater in diameter (Trimarchi Meessen 166, 168). Over a 4,587 sighting report, 23% were orange, 21% white, 20% yellow, 18% red/pink, 11% blue/violet, 1% green, and 6% other colors. Of course, we are putting faith in honest feedback here, but as you will see, some trends here indicate more than a random collection of tales. We can gather some information about ball lightning from eyewitness accounts that might help us. There is a long list of historical sightings of ball lightning and yet no reliable photographs or video have surfaced yet (or, that is anything that most of the scientific community finds acceptable) (Canan 46-7). A number of models considered allow us to study the nature of ball lightning in detail.But why this charge separation happens, how the bolt itself forms, and similar questions remain unknown, and that hasn’t helped in the investigation of ball lightning. The glowing of ball lightning is created by many thermal waves that propagate along separate fibers, use the surface energy of the structure, and form glowing hot zones with a temperature of about 2000 K. The best model resembling the ball lightning structure is a knot of fractal fibers. According to this analysis, the substance composing ball lightning has a sparse fractal structure, similar to an aerogel, with the density of a gas and the behavior of a solid or liquid. The mechanical, gas-dynamical, energetic radiative and electrical processes of ball lightning are analyzed on the basis of such analogs and recent scientific information. Ball lightning is a many-sided phenomenon, and therefore has a number of analogs which are related to its separate properties and which can be modeled. The analysis leads to the conclusion that ball lightning has a rigid skeleton a spotted structure of its glowing follows from a large difference between the radiative and mean temperatures of the ball lightning. The experimental modeling of ball lightning as a whole is reviewed. The properties of ball lightning have been derived from a statistical treatment of thousands of observations. An up to date description of the state of the ball lightning problem is given. ![]()
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